A caretaker government is an interim administration established for a short period to oversee state affairs after the end or dissolution of an elected government, until a new one takes office. Its primary purpose is to maintain routine operations of government and ensure free, fair, and transparent elections.
Caretaker Government in Pakistan — Context and Role
In Pakistan, the caretaker system is a constitutional arrangement designed to ensure impartiality during elections. The Constitution of Pakistan (Articles 224 and 224A) provides the legal framework for the formation and powers of caretaker governments at both federal and provincial levels.
How It’s Formed:
- When the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly completes its term or is dissolved early, the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition consult to nominate a caretaker Prime Minister (or Chief Minister).
- If they fail to agree, the matter is referred to a Parliamentary Committee.
- If the committee also fails, the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) makes the final decision.
Composition and Tenure:
- Usually includes technocrats, retired bureaucrats, or non-partisan figures.
- The caretaker setup functions until the next elected government assumes office, typically lasting 60 to 90 days.
Role and Limitations
Caretaker governments are meant to ensure neutrality and continuity, not to make long-term policy decisions.
Main Functions:
- Overseeing day-to-day administration.
- Supporting the Election Commission in conducting elections.
- Ensuring law and order and an equal political playing field.
Restrictions:
- Cannot introduce major policies or long-term agreements.
- Expected to remain apolitical and avoid decisions that favor any political party.
Importance in Pakistan’s Political System
The caretaker setup was introduced to build trust among political parties and voters — ensuring that the government managing elections has no vested interest in the outcome.
However, critics argue that powerful caretaker governments have occasionally overstepped their mandates, influencing administration or policy decisions beyond election facilitation.
Examples of Caretaker Governments in Pakistan
- Anwaar-ul-Haq Kakar (2023) – Caretaker Prime Minister before the 2024 general elections.
- Nasirul Mulk (2018) – Former Chief Justice of Pakistan appointed as caretaker PM.
- Mir Hazar Khan Khoso (2013) – Oversaw elections following the PPP-led government.
- Malik Meraj Khalid (1996–97) – Managed the transition after Benazir Bhutto’s dismissal.